Povzetek Pispevek je povzetek diplomske naloge z naslovom
Otrok na odru družinske drame (Verbič, 1997), ki prikazuje pogled na
družino z vidika otroka in njegovega položaja v njej. Otrok praviloma
preživi svoje otroštvo in mladost v družini. To je čas, ki je
najpomembnejši za razvoj njegove osebnosti. Družina je z vsemi svojimi
elementi njegov prvi in hkrati nenadomestljiv socialni prostor. Starša
sta otroku najpomembnejši vzor oziroma model identifikacije, preko katere razvije vrsto
socialnih sposobnosti in temelje svoje osebnosti. Družina se srečuje z
različnimi konfliktnimi situacijami in problemi. Za ohranitev oziroma za
vzpostavitev ravnotežja odgovarjata na probleme z obrambnimi mehanizmi. Med temi je tudi projektivna identifikacija,
ki ima poleg obrambne tudi pomembno razvojno funkcijo. Projektivna
identifikacija je eden izmed mehanizmov, ki nam omogoča razlago razvoja
vloge “grešnega kozla” ali “identificiranega pacienta”. Ta vloga se
v družini izraža v različnih bolj ali manj
izrazitih oblikah, tudi v obliki motenj vedenja in osebnosti. Odkrivanju
motenj v družini in vzrokov zanje mora nujno slediti pomoč. Ne zadošča
le pomoč posamezniku - “identificiranemu pacientu”, ampak je pomoči potrebna cela družina. Ena izmed oblik pomoči
družini je družinska terapija. Mehanizma projektivne identifikacije se
natančneje loteva psihoanalitična družinska terapija.
Ključne besede:
družina, identifikacija, projektivna identifikacija, identificirani
pacient, družinska terapija.
|
Abstract The article is a summary of a graduate thesis
entitled "The Child on the Stage of a Family Drama" (Verbič, 1997),
which presents the family from the child's perspective and from his/her
place in it. As a rule the child spends his/her childhood and
youth in the family. This is the time that marks the development of
his/her personality most. The family with all its elements represents
his/her first and irreplaceable social setting. Parents are his/her most
important examples or identification models with the help of which
he/she develops numerous social skills and builds the foundation of
his/her personality. The family, however, faces various conflict
situations and problems. To keep and to establish balance, defensive
mechanisms have to be applied. Among these is projective identification,
which has also an important developmental function besides being an
excellent defensive mechanism. Projective identification is one of the
mechanisms which gives us the explanation of the development of the
"scapegoat" or "identified patient" role. In the family this role is
manifested in more or less overt forms, among them also in the form of
behavioural and personality disorders. Detecting disorders and their
causes in a family must necessarily be followed by some kind of
assistance. Assisting the individual, i.e. the "identified patient", is
not enough. Help is needed by the whole family. One of the forms of
family assistance is family therapy. It is the psychoanalytic family
therapy which deals in detail with the projective identification
mechanisms.
Key words: family, identification, projective identification,
identified patient, family therapy.
|