Socialna pedagogika, 2003 vol. 7, št. 2, str. 125-158.

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Namen raziskave, ki je bila izvedena na vzorcu 93 študentk socialne pedagogike in njihovih staršev, je bil: raziskati razlike v doživljanju družinskih interakcij med posameznimi člani družine, ki se nanašajo na pomembne kakovosti starševstva, in na interakcije v družinskem sistemu. S pomočjo vprašalnika o družini (Lewis, 1989), ki je bil v okviru raziskave preveden in prirejen, avtorica ugotavlja, da člani družine različno doživljajo večino interakcij v družini, pri čemer so hčerke od vseh članov družine najbolj kritične v oceni. Kar pomeni, da oba starša višje vrednotita interakcije s hčerko, kot jih vrednoti ona sama. V skladu s pričakovanji avtorica ugotavlja tudi, da člani družine različno doživljajo medsebojne interakcije v otroštvu in adolescenci.

Ključne besede: družinski sistem, doživljanje interakcij, mladostnik.

This research, carried out on the group of 93 female students of social pedagogy and their parents, aimed to study the differences in perceptions of the family interactions between the members of the family in regards to the important qualities of parenthood and interactions in the family system. Using the Family Questionnaire (Lewis, 1989) which was translated and adapted to fit the purposes of this research, the author of the article came to the conclusion that members of the family experience most of their interactions within the family in very different ways, the daughters notably being the most critical in their assessment of them all. This means that the parents valued their interactions with their daughter higher than she did her interaction with them. As anticipated, the family members experienced decline in the quality of interactions in the period between the childhood and adolescence of the daughter.

Key words: family system, perceptions of interactions, adolescent.

Socialna pedagogika, 2003 vol. 7, št. 2, str. 159-178.

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Prispevek prinaša rezultate raziskave o obsegu in značilnostih preventivnih programov socialnega učenja med vrstniki v slovenskih osnovnih šolah. Najprej teoretsko utemelji take programe z Bloomovim (1996) konfiguralnim modelom. Nato analizira vrste in obseg teh programov v slovenskih šolah ter obravnava povezanost med nekaterimi vidiki življenja na šoli in izvajanjem preventivnih dejavnosti. Del analize je namenjen raziskovanju značilnosti tistih preventivnih dejavnosti, ki na šolah potekajo v obliki interesnih dejavnosti.

Ključne besede: preventivno delo, preventivni programi, konfiguralni pristop.

The article presents research results on the extent and characteristic features of prevention programmes of social learning in Slovene primary schools. On the basis of Bloom's (1996) configuration model, it first offers a theoretical justification of such programmes, then it analyses the kinds and extent of such programmes in Slovene schools and discusses the links between some of the aspects of school life and the execution of prevention activities. Part of the analysis deals with the research of characteristics of prevention programmes that are offered by schools as extracurricular activities.

Key words: prevention programmes, Bloom's configural approach.

Socialna pedagogika, 2003 vol. 7, št. 2, str. 179-196.

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Članek prinaša ugotovitve o razvoju in razpletu subkulturnega umeščanja in pripadnosti najstnic. Ugotovitve so dobljene na podlagi večletnega spremljanja (oz. raziskovanja z udeležbo) skupine deklet z roba kulture skinhedov, v finskem mestu Joensuu. Dekleta se postavljajo za opazovalke in podpornice kulture, katere "pravi" nosilci so moški skini. Nekoliko distancirane ter manj radikalno nasilne so od njih, še posebej pa se distancirajo od njihovih deklet kot le ženskih priveskov. Od subkulture skinov le deloma prevzemajo ideologijo, vedenje ter stil, predvsem pa njihova dejanja in vedenje simbolno spodbujajo in podpirajo. Njihova delna pripadnost rasistični mladinski kulturi je razumljena kot izbira na podlagi identitetnih ponudb ki so v določenem okolju pač na voljo, izbira ki ustreza specifičnim izrazom - tako ideološkim kot stilskim. Polovično pripadnost teh deklet subkulturi skinov lepo ponazarjajo njihove frizure - pol obriti lasje, pri čemer se lahko obriti del, odvisno pač od okoliščin, bodisi pokaže bodisi zakrije.

Ključne besede: skinhedi, subkultura, dekleta, kultura grobosti (moškosti), imidž, opazovanje z udeležbo, akcijsko raziskovanje.

This article presents the conclusions about the development and the end results of teenage girls looking to find their place in and belong to a subculture. The conclusions are drawn from the study which for years followed (the research was based on participant observation) a group of girls belonging to the edge of the skinhead subculture in the Finnish town Joensu. The girls held the position of observers and supporters of the culture, whereas its real 'holders' were the male skinheads. They were somewhat distanced and less radically violent than the male counterparts, and they distanced themselves in particular from the girlfriends who were seen only as hangers-on. They adopted the skinhead ideology, behavioral patterns and style only to a limited extent, nevertheless, they symbolically encouraged and supported their actions and behavior. Their limited belonging to a racist youth culture is considered a choice taken from the identities available in the given environment. It is a choice that fits in with specific expressions, both in ideology and style. The half-hearted belonging of these girls to the skinhead subculture is reflected in their hair styles - one half of their head was shaven and could be hidden or shown, depending on the circumstances.

Key words: skinheads, subculture, the culture of being tough, image, participant observation, action research.

Socialna pedagogika, 2003 vol. 7, št. 2, str. 197-204.

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Vzporednice med kultom in blagovno znamko je mogoče opazovati predvsem na odnosu potrošnika do "trošene" blagovne znamke. Sorodnost in funkcionalna zamenljivost kulta in blagovne znamke pomenita prenos religioznega odnosa na področje blagovnih znamk. Vzroke religiozne funkcije blagovnih znamk je iskati v sekularizaciji zahodne kulture in spiritualnega manjka, ki ga ta ustvarja. Pomenske vzporednice kulta in blagovne znamke zgodovinsko izhajajo iz območja Webrovega "razčaranega sveta", dopolnjenega s Campbellovo opredelitvijo sodobnega potrošništva - racionalne produkcije in iracionalne potrošnje. Kult in blagovno znamko primerjamo z uporabo definicije karizmatične skupine, kot jo podaja Max Weber.

Ključne besede: sociologija, blagovne znamke, kulti, komunikologija, korporativna kultura, globalizacija, potrošništvo.

Parallels between cults and brands can be mostly identified within customer's attitude to the purchased brand. Congeniality and functional inter-exchangeability of cult and brand refer to the shift of religious attitude to branding. Reasons for religious attitude in branding can be found in the secularisation of the Western culture and consequential spiritual void. Historical origins of similar conceptions of cult and brand can be found in Weber's "dischanted world" compiled with Campbell's notion of modern consumption - rational production and irrational consumption. Comparison of cults and brands is build upon Max Weber's definition of a charismatic group.

Keywords: sociology, brands, cults, communication science, corporate culture, globalisation, consumerism.

Socialna pedagogika, 2003 vol. 7, št. 2, str. 205-226.

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Članek temelji na sistemskih osnovah, ukvarja pa se z delovanjem v skupnosti in s skupnostjo. Za izhodišče delovanja poklicev pomoči postavlja spremembo oziroma pripravljenost za spreminjanje sebe in svojih modelov in konceptov v skladu z obravnavano skupnostjo, družbenimi spremembami in spremembami v razvoju skupnosti - tako z vidika posameznika kot skupnosti. Poleg tega pa strokovnjaka vidi predvsem v katalitični vlogi - le kot spodbujevalca sprememb, ki spodbujajo aktivno udeležbo članov, ki sami gradijo skupnost. Na tej podlagi izpelje glavne smernice delovanja v skupnosti in s skupnostjo, ki so: stalno "delanje zemljevidov", ohranjanje širše perspektive, izkoriščanje krize kot najbolj primernega časa za spremembo, zavedanje, da popolna kontrola ni mogoča; prizadevanje za zdravo in evolucijsko skupnost, procesnost, enakovrednost in enakopravnost vseh članov, izzivanje upora na začetku, integracija delovanja sistema in skupnosti.

Ključne besede: evolucijska skupnost, spodbujevalec sprememb, smernice za delovanje.

The article proceeds from system grounds and considers working in and with a community. As a starting point for the activities of community aid professions, it presents changing, or rather, a will to change oneself and one's models and concepts in accordance with the community, social changes and changes in the development of the community concerned - from the viewpoint of the individual as well as of the community. Besides, the function of the expert is perceived as a catalytic one - as the one who encourages changes and active participation of the members building the community on their own. On these bases the authors derive the major guidelines for working in and with a community, which are as follows: constant "mapping", maintaining a wider perspective, acting in the moment of crisis as the best time for change, awareness of the fact that control is impossible, striving for a healthy and evolutionary community, process, equality of all members, provoking the starting resistance, integrating the functioning of the system and of the community.

Key words: evolutionary community, entrepreneur of change, guidelines for action.

Socialna pedagogika, 2003 vol. 7, št. 2, str. 227-238.

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Prispevek obravnava odpore, ki nastajajo med supervizijo, in dejavnike, ki ta proces ovirajo. Odpori in ovire so predstavljeni sistematično, glede na to, od kod prihajajo - bodisi od supervizorja, superviziranca ali pa gre za zunanje dejavnike. Ugotovitve se ne nanašajo zgolj na supervizijski proces, temveč tudi na svetovalno delo.

Ključne besede: supervizija, ovire, odpori, vloga supervizorja, vloga superviziranca, svetovanje.

This article presents resistances that appear in the process of supervision and factors which obstruct this process. Resistances and obstacles are presented systematically, according to their source - whether they come from the supervisor, the person who is in the process of supervison or from "the outside". The conclusions refer also to the process of counseling.

Key words: supervision, obstacles, resistances, the role of supervisor, the role of client, counseling.